Heat pumps. So, it is known about heat pumps that it is a climatic equipment capable of utilizing the heat of environment, using a compressor to raise the temperature of coolant to required level and transfer this heat to where it is needed.

It is almost always possible to remove heat from the environment. After all, “cold water” is a subjective concept based on our sensations. Even the coldest river water contains of some heat. But it is known that heat only passes from warmed body to a colder one. Heat can be forced from the cold body to the warm, then the cold body will cool down even more, and the warm body will warm up. Using a heat pump that “pumps out” heat from air, river water or land, further lowering their temperature, you can heat the building.

In classical case, it is considered that by spending 1 kW of electric power, TNU can produce from 3 to 6 kW of thermal energy. In practice, it means that the capacity of two or three household lamps in winter can heat room of medium size. In summer, when working in reverse mode, the heat pump can cool the air in building’s rooms. Heat from the building will be removed, absorbed by atmosphere, river or land.
At present, there is a huge variety of heat pump plants, which makes it possible to widely apply them in industry, agriculture and living quarters. Our company sells heat pumps of different capacities, to create economical air conditioning at various facilities.

Heat pumps come in different heat capacities – from few kilowatts to hundreds of megawatts. They can work with different heat sources in different aggregate states.
In this regard, they can be divided into the following types: water-water, water-air, air-water, air-to-air.
TNU (heat pumps) designed to work with sources of low-potential heat of various temperatures, down to negative. They can be used as a receiver of high-potential heat, requiring a different temperature, even above 100°C. Depending on this, heat pumps can be divided into low-temperature, medium-temperature and high-temperature.
Heat pumps also differ according to technical device. In this respect, two directions can be distinguished: vapor compression and TNU absorption.

Server-Service company is engaged in delivery, installation and repair of heat pumps.

Heating pumps types

are divided for closed and opened circuits.

Closed circuit

Тепловой насос с закрытым контуром

Primary circuit of this type of heat pump is a network of polyethylene pipes laid to the bottom of reservoir to collect heat from surrounding water. The ethylene glycol solution circulates through closed loop, transferring heat from the reservoir to the heat pump, thus providing the heated building with the necessary amount of heat energy.

Pluses:
• Lack of land works, as a consequence, low cost of organization of external contour.
• Primary coolant filtration system is not required.
• Low power consumption for circulation pump.

Minuses:

Low water temperature in reservoirs in winter (about 0°C). When designing the system, it is necessary to pay special attention to this in order to prevent thawing of the reservoir.

Open circuit

Тепловой насос с отткрытым контуром, Типы тепловых насосов

At the initial stage of installation of the system, an external circuit is arranged, which is a system for collecting groundwater and draining it back into aquifers, or into an open reservoir. To organize this kind of system, it is necessary to drill wells with a depth of 40-50 m. for the abstraction and discharge of water. Wells are spread at a distance of 5-6 m from each other, moreover, the waste well must be located further downstream of the groundwater from the intake, in order to avoid the entry of cooled water back into the heat pump.

Pluses:
• Relatively small land works to drill wells under water.
• Groundwater has a fairly stable temperature (7-10°C) throughout the year. Compared to other types of heat pumps, this ensures the lowest temperature difference between the evaporator and the condenser and, accordingly, the maximum conversion factor (COP).
• This type of external circuit does not require a large area of land. For heat pumps of low power, one “sampling” and one “waste” well is enough, the distance between them is only 5-7 meters.

Minuses:
• High requirements for the purity and salt composition of the cold water. To ensure the correct and long-term operation of evaporator, it is necessary to install and periodically maintain a complex water filtration system.
• Significant additional costs of electrical energy for the operation of downhole pumps.
• The inconsistency of groundwater table, and as a result, the debit and credit of the aquifer and wells.
• The need to identify underground water flow for the correct location of wells.

Heat source – ground collector

Is a closed circuit. It is divided into two types – horizontal and vertical.

Horizontal ground collector

горизонтальный грунтовый коллектор

Stacked plastic pipes are designed to collect heat from surface layers of soil, in dug trenches depth of 2-2.5 m or pit with a depth of 2.5-3.5 m in steps of 0.7-0.8 m. The ethylene glycol solution circulates through the system of pipelines organized in the ground. It collects heat from the ground and, returning to the heat pump, gives it to the freon in the evaporator. The cooled solution is returned to the pipes of the ground collector, and the cycle is repeated again.

Pluses:
• Constant accessible and non-decreasing amount of heat over many years of operation
• Primary coolant filtration system is not required
• Low electrical energy costs for the operation of circulation pump

Minuses:
• Large areas are required for land works – the organization of a pit depth of 2-2.5 meters
• Low soil temperature (0°С – + 1°С) at the depth of pipe laying. This will result in a reduction in the efficiency factor of the heat pump
• Low specific heat output from one square meter of ground circuit (20 W)

Vertical ground collector

Вертикальный грунтовый коллектор

For the organization of an external circuit, a “vertical ground collector”, which is a network of vertical wells with geothermal probes installed in them, the required number of wells without casing pipes with a depth of 75-100 m is drilled. A probe of the appropriate length is lowered into each well, after which the well is filled with cement-sand mortar. A geothermal probe is a U-shaped polyethylene pipe with an ethylene glycol solution circulating inside of it, designed to collect low-potential heat from deep layers of soil. All probes are combined into a common system by attaching them to the distribution and collection manifold of the heat pump. When drilling, the distance between wells is maintained for 5-7 meters to prevent freezing of the ground and increase the amount of thermal energy that can be removed.

Pluses:
• Constant accessible and non-decreasing amount of heat over many years of operation
• Primary coolant filtration system is not required
• Low electrical energy costs for operation of circulation pump
• Does not require the excavation
• Stable soil temperature at a depth of more than 15 m (8-10°C) – this contributes to the high-efficiency operation of the heat pump during the entire heating season
• Depending on the ground, heat removal from one meter of ground probe can be up to 100 W. That will lead to minimization of the total length of the soil heat exchangers and the number of drilling operations.

Minuses:
• Significant volume of drilling operations
• For large-capacity heat pumps, large areas are required for the organization of an external circuit with a spacing between individual wells of 5-6 meters.

Source of heat – air

Monoblock heat pump is installed outside of heated building either on its roof or at the base level. It is possible to install inside of technical room, but for this purpose it is necessary to organize a system of air ducts for intake and exhaust of cooled air. The heat removed from the outside air is transferred to the heat carrier of the building’s heating system and, further, to the internal air of the premises.

Pluses:

  • General availability of a source of low-potential heat-air, as a consequence, the absence of costs for the organization of an external circuit.
  • Possibility of utilizing the heat of air removed by ventilation system.

Minuses:

  • Can be used up to -15°C
  • Rapid reduction in power and performance with reduced outdoor temperature
  • The relatively large difference in evaporation and condensation temperatures during the minimum winter temperatures, which generally reduces the efficiency of the process.
  • Frost may form on the surface of the evaporator. Hoar-frost reduces the heat exchange surface and creates additional resistance for air passage. To prevent this process, it is necessary to provide additional automation and evaporator defrosting systems.

You can find out more information and order a heat pump by calling the telephone numbers of the company indicated in the section “Contacts“.